BIM Dimensions Explained: A Guide from 2D to 9D BIM

A BIM dimension refers to the specific layer of information added to a digital model during the project lifecycle.

While 3D represents geometry, higher BIM dimensions incorporate time (4D), cost (5D), sustainability (6D), and more.

Each new dimension extends the model’s usefulness. Simply put, each dimension enriches the model with new insights.

These new insights are a strategic tool to deliver smarter, faster, and more sustainable outcomes.

The question is, how many dimensions of BIM are there?

Types of BIM Dimensions

2D BIM

2D BIM is a digital geometric model on the X and Y axes. It’s associated with further project information. While some may argue it’s not the true BIM, it remains essential for early-stage layouts, regulatory submissions, and precise documentation.

For us, 2D BIM is where all BIM starts. Australian projects still need 2D for approvals and contractor communication.

3D BIM

3D BIM adds the Z-axis; a depth. This creates a three-dimensional digital model. It’s rich with geometric and non-geometric information. All managed in a Common Data Environment. Beyond geometry, 3D BIM enables real-time clash detection and coordination across disciplines. It generates 2D drawings from the model, too.

3D BIM is the standard BIM we know today. This model becomes the backbone of every higher BIM dimension, starting with getting the 3D right. That’s why at Interscale, we build custom Revit modelling (LOD 300 to 500) and regular model audits. All to make your 3D BIM output stay accurate and buildable.

4D BIM

4D BIM overlays scheduling data onto the 3D model. By linking the 3D model to the project schedule, your teams can dynamically simulate construction sequences and track progress. This helps manage logistics, simulate the construction sequence, plan trades, spot conflicts early, and prevent delays.

It’s invaluable for coordinating complex timelines, especially across major infrastructure builds. Let’s say, like rail lines and commercial towers, benefit from this level of foresight.

5D BIM

5D BIM integrates cost with your model. The goal is to give real-time budget insights as the design evolves. It automates quantity take-offs and provides clarity when managing variations or tenders. It improves budget collaboration and supports data-driven decisions.

This dimension gives project managers the edge in volatile markets like Australia’s, where prices shift quickly.

6D BIM

6D BIM is often called Green BIM. All because 6D BIM brings sustainability to the forefront by embedding energy use, life cycle impact, and maintenance forecasts into your model. This leads to better facility management and operational cost savings.

Whether you’re aiming for Green Star ratings or simply cutting operational costs, this dimension makes long-term thinking easier.

7D BIM

7D BIM extends your model into building operations. It adds facility management information for the asset’s life. With asset data, manuals, and maintenance schedules linked directly to model elements, 7D supports long-term upkeep and more innovative renovations.

Hospitals, universities, and high-rise buildings relied heavily on 7D BIM to keep operations smooth and cost-efficient over the decades.

8D BIM

8D BIM builds safety planning right into your model. It integrates safety protocols and risk assessments early on. Site access, fall zones, equipment layouts; everything can be visualised before ground is broken. Your teams can identify dangers before breaking ground, test safety scenarios, and plan safer workflows.

It’s a proactive way to meet Australia’s strict WHS regulations. This 8D BIM leads to a safer workplace and better OSH management.

9D BIM

9D BIM is about applying lean construction principles. The goal is to optimise the entire project process. Think better logistics, less downtime, and cleaner project handovers. The primary focus is reducing waste, time, materials, and effort. And this often involves Value Stream Mapping.

For firms aiming for leaner, more agile delivery methods, 9D BIM offers measurable benefits.

Need Help Implementing Multi-Dimensional BIM?

As you see, navigating can seem complex, so it’s normal to find a partner to implement multi-dimensional BIM. That’s where we come in.

At Interscale BIM management services, we don’t just offer tools, we build strategies. Our Melbourne-based team guides AEC firms through every phase, from initial setup to full lifecycle integration.

Whether you need BIM implementation strategy, model audits, template creation, or training, we help you move forward confidently. We help you take the next step with confidence and without the guesswork.

For a more detailed explanation, we invite you to book a free discovery session with our expert. We will show you how multi-dimensional BIM can drive your next project forward in that meeting. At no cost. Book a free consultation with our team here.